158. Read N Characters Given Read4 II - Call multiple times (Hard)

The API: int read4(char *buf) reads 4 characters at a time from a file.

The return value is the actual number of characters read. For example, it returns 3 if there is only 3 characters left in the file.

By using the read4 API, implement the function int read(char *buf, int n) that reads n characters from the file.

Note:

The read function may be called multiple times.

Solution 1: string 3ms

这道题是之前那道Read N Characters Given Read4的拓展,那道题说read函数只能调用一次,而这道题说read函数可以调用多次,那么难度就增加了,为了更简单直观的说明问题,我们举个简单的例子吧,比如:

buf = "ab", [read(1),read(2)],返回 ["a","b"]

那么第一次调用read(1)后,从buf中读出一个字符,那么就是第一个字符a,然后又调用了一个read(2),想取出两个字符,但是buf中只剩一个b了,所以就把取出的结果就是b。再来看一个例子:

buf = "a", [read(0),read(1),read(2)],返回 ["","a",""]

第一次调用read(0),不取任何字符,返回空,第二次调用read(1),取一个字符,buf中只有一个字符,取出为a,然后再调用read(2),想取出两个字符,但是buf中没有字符了,所以取出为空。

但是这道题我不太懂的地方是明明函数返回的是int类型啊,为啥OJ的output都是vector类的,然后我就在网上找了下面两种能通过OJ的解法,大概看了看,也是看的个一知半解,貌似是用两个变量readPos和writePos来记录读取和写的位置,i从0到n开始循环,如果此时读和写的位置相同,那么我们调用read4函数,将结果赋给writePos,把readPos置零,如果writePos为零的话,说明buf中没有东西了,返回当前的坐标i。然后我们用内置的buff变量的readPos位置覆盖输入字符串buf的i位置,如果完成遍历,返回n,参见代码如下:

// Forward declaration of the read4 API.
int read4(char *buf);

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param buf Destination buffer
     * @param n   Maximum number of characters to read
     * @return    The number of characters read
     */
    int read(char *buf, int n) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (readPos == writePos) {
                writePos = read4(buff);
                readPos = 0;
                if (writePos == 0) return i;
            }
            buf[i] = buff[readPos++];
        }
        return n;
    }
private:
    int readPos = 0, writePos = 0;
    char buff[4];
};

Solution 2: 0ms

下面这种方法和上面的方法基本相同,稍稍改变了些解法,使得看起来更加简洁一些:

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param buf Destination buffer
     * @param n   Maximum number of characters to read
     * @return    The number of characters read
     */
    int read(char *buf, int n) {
        int i = 0;
        while (i < n && (readPos < writePos || (readPos = 0) < (writePos = read4(buff)))) {
            buf[i++] = buff[readPos++];
        }
        return i;
    }
private:
    int readPos = 0, writePos = 0;
    char buff[4];
};

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