445. Add Two Numbers II (Medium)

You are given two non-empty linked lists representing two non-negative integers. The most significant digit comes first and each of their nodes contain a single digit. Add the two numbers and return it as a linked list.

You may assume the two numbers do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.

Follow up:

What if you cannot modify the input lists? In other words, reversing the lists is not allowed.

Example:

Input: (7 -> 2 -> 4 -> 3) + (5 -> 6 -> 4)
Output: 7 -> 8 -> 0 -> 7

Solution 1: Stack 49ms

这道题是之前那道Add Two Numbers的拓展,我们可以看到这道题的最高位在链表首位置,如果我们给链表翻转一下的话就跟之前的题目一样了,这里我们来看一些不修改链表顺序的方法。由于加法需要从最低位开始运算,而最低位在链表末尾,链表只能从前往后遍历,没法取到前面的元素,那怎么办呢?我们可以利用栈来保存所有的元素,然后利用栈的后进先出的特点就可以从后往前取数字了,我们首先遍历两个链表,将所有数字分别压入两个栈s1和s2中,我们建立一个值为0的res节点,然后开始循环,如果栈不为空,则将栈顶数字加入sum中,然后将res节点值赋为sum%10,然后新建一个进位节点head,赋值为sum/10,如果没有进位,那么就是0,然后我们head后面连上res,将res指向head,这样循环退出后,我们只要看res的值是否为0,为0返回res->next,不为0则返回res即可,参见代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* addTwoNumbers(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        stack<int> s1, s2;
        while (l1) {
            s1.push(l1->val);
            l1 = l1->next;
        }
        while (l2) {
            s2.push(l2->val);
            l2 = l2->next;
        }
        int sum = 0;
        ListNode* res = new ListNode(1);
        while (!s1.empty() || !s2.empty()) {
            if (!s1.empty()) {sum += s1.top(); s1.pop();}
            if (!s2.empty()) {sum += s2.top(); s2.pop();}
            res->val = sum%10;
            ListNode* head = res;
            res = new ListNode(1);
            res->next = head;
            sum /= 10;
        }

        return sum == 1 ? res:res->next;
    }
};

Solution 2: Recursive 49ms

下面这种方法使用递归来实现的,我们知道递归其实也是用栈来保存每一个状态,那么也就可以实现从后往前取数字,我们首先统计出两个链表长度,然后根据长度来调用递归函数,需要传一个参数差值,递归函数参数中的l1链表长度长于l2,在递归函数中,我们建立一个节点res,如果差值不为0,节点值为l1的值,如果为0,那么就是l1和l2的和,然后在根据差值分别调用递归函数求出节点post,然后要处理进位,如果post的值大于9,那么对10取余,且res的值自增1,然后把pos连到res后面,返回res,最后回到原函数中,我们仍要处理进位情况,参见代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
    int getLength(ListNode* head) {
        int len = 0;
        while (head) {
            ++len;
            head = head->next;
        }
        return len;
    }
    ListNode* helper(ListNode* l1, ListNode*l2, int diff) {
        if (!l1) return NULL;
        ListNode* head = (diff == 0) ? new ListNode(l1->val+l2->val):new ListNode(l1->val);
        ListNode* next = (diff == 0) ? helper(l1->next, l2->next, 0):helper(l1->next, l2, diff-1);
        if (next && next->val > 9) {
            next->val %= 10;
            ++head->val;
        }
        head->next = next;
        return head;
    }

public:
    ListNode* addTwoNumbers(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        int n1 = getLength(l1), n2 = getLength(l2);
        ListNode *head = new ListNode(1);
        // l1 is the longer list
        head->next = (n1 > n2) ? helper(l1, l2, n1 - n2) : helper(l2, l1, n2 - n1);
        if (head->next->val > 9) {
            head->next->val %= 10;
            return head;
        }
        return head->next;

    }
};

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