56. Merge Intervals (Hard)

Given a collection of intervals, merge all overlapping intervals.

For example, Given [1,3],[2,6],[8,10],[15,18], return [1,6],[8,10],[15,18].

Solution 1: Array, Sort 9ms

这道和之前那道 Insert Interval 插入区间 很类似,这次题目要求我们合并区间,之前那题明确了输入区间集是有序的,而这题没有,所有我们首先要做的就是给区间集排序,由于我们要排序的是个结构体,所以我们要定义自己的comparator,才能用sort来排序,我们以start的值从小到大来排序,排完序我们就可以开始合并了,首先把第一个区间存入结果中,然后从第二个开始遍历区间集,如果结果中最后一个区间和遍历的当前区间无重叠,直接将当前区间存入结果中,如果有重叠,将结果中最后一个区间的end值更新为结果中最后一个区间的end和当前end值之中的较大值,然后继续遍历区间集,以此类推可以得到最终结果,代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for an interval.
 * struct Interval {
 *     int start;
 *     int end;
 *     Interval() : start(0), end(0) {}
 *     Interval(int s, int e) : start(s), end(e) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
    struct Compare {
        bool operator() (const Interval &a, const Interval &b) {
            // get the field to sort by and make the comparison
            return (a.start < b.start);
        }
    };
    static bool comp(const Interval &a, const Interval &b) {
        return (a.start < b.start);
    }
public:
    vector<Interval> merge(vector<Interval>& intervals) {
        vector<Interval> res;
        if (intervals.empty()) return res;
        sort(intervals.begin(), intervals.end(), comp); // Compare()
        res.push_back(intervals[0]);
        for (int i = 1; i < intervals.size(); ++i) {
            if (res.back().end >= intervals[i].start) {
                res.back().end = max(res.back().end, intervals[i].end);
            } else {
                res.push_back(intervals[i]);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

version 2:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<Interval> merge(vector<Interval>& intervals) {
        if (intervals.empty()) return {};
        sort(intervals.begin(), intervals.end(), [](Interval&a, Interval&b){return a.start < b.start;});
        vector<Interval> res = {intervals[0]};
        for (int i = 1; i < intervals.size(); ++i) {
            if (res.back().end < intervals[i].start) res.push_back(intervals[i]);
            else {
                res.back().end = max(intervals[i].end, res.back().end);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

Solution 2:

这道题还有另一种解法,这个解法直接调用了之前那道题 Insert Interval 插入区间 的函数,由于插入的过程中也有合并的操作,所以我们可以建立一个空的集合,然后把区间集的每一个区间当做一个新的区间插入结果中,也可以得到合并后的结果,代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for an interval.
 * struct Interval {
 *     int start;
 *     int end;
 *     Interval() : start(0), end(0) {}
 *     Interval(int s, int e) : start(s), end(e) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
    vector<Interval> insert(vector<Interval>& intervals, Interval newInterval) {
        vector<Interval> res = intervals;
        auto it = res.begin();
        int overlap = 0;

        while (it != res.end()) {
            // new interval shouble be placed before current iterator
            if (newInterval.end < it->start) break;
            // new interval shouble be placed after current iterator
            if (newInterval.start > it->end) {
                ++it;
                continue;
            }
            // has overlapping
            newInterval.start = min(newInterval.start, it->start);
            newInterval.end = max(newInterval.end, it->end);
            ++overlap;
            ++it;
        }

        if (overlap) it = res.erase(it-overlap, it);

        res.insert(it, newInterval);

        return res;
    }
public:
    vector<Interval> merge(vector<Interval>& intervals) {
        vector<Interval> res;
        for (int i = 0; i < intervals.size(); ++i) {
            res = insert(res, intervals[i]);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

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